Enforcement of BIT Awards in India

Recently, the Indian Government lost an arbitration dispute invoked by Vodafone International Holding BV (“Vodafone International”)under the India – Netherlands Bilateral Investment Treaty, at the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA). The PCA held[1] that the retrospective application of capital gains tax by the Indian Government on the company was a breach of the fair andContinueContinue reading “Enforcement of BIT Awards in India”

Blog Series: Locating Customary International Law in the Constitutions Around the Globe

The central idea of this study is to locate the expression on ‘customary international law’ in the constitutions around the globe. Needless to say, there is no uniformity in the constitutions on the expression used to refer to the customary international law. Some of the expressions are so nuanced that they may not fit in any of the sources of international law referred to in Article 38 of the Statute of the ICJ.